Ki Nuvo Guvernman Ramgoolam Reprezante anterm Klas Sosyal

09.12.2024

Li vo lapenn, kan ena enn nuvo Guvernman fek eli – kuma Navin Ramgoolam so PT-MMM-ND- RA – nu sey gayn enn lide kler lor ki klas li reprezante, ubyin ki klas li pu sirman reprezante. 

Anmemtan, li osi vo lapenn sey konpran ki klas sa nuvo Guvernman la reprezante konpare ar klas ki ansyin guvernman otur Pravind Jugnauth so MSM – ti reprezante.

Li pa tro evidan, me ena tu kalite pist, tuzur. 

Konparezon ant sa 2 la, li pa tro fasil akoz nu an-fas 2 diferan kalite rezim.

Me, li kler ki, pu kumanse, tulde anfind-kont reprezant, e pu reprezant, lintere lansanb klas burzwa – zot pena vremem okenn lot bi stratezik. Me, sa li selman anfind-kont. Avan nu ariv “anfind-kont”, ena buku diferans:

Reyn Bonapartist v. Reyn plito Stil Fran Masonnri

Rezim MSM Jugnauth li finn tultan ena enn eleman “Bonapartist”, setadir li finn, depi lepok Aneerood Jugnauth, truv Leta lor lekel li ena kontrol enn Leta ki lao tu klas sosyal. Anfet nu kapav dir li enn “fos krwayans” byin repandi ki “Leta” dan enn sosyete kot klas kapitalist reyne, li napa neseserman enn “leta burzwa” me ki Leta li “indepandan” depi klas sosyal diferan. Anfet tanki ena enn klas kapitalist ki reyne ekonomikman san chalennj, Leta la, li enn leta burzwa, mem. Me, selman, dan sityasyon enn sosyete post-kolonyal kuma Repiblik Moris, Leta – ki li Travayis, MMM, MSM – li enn Leta sirdevlope akoz li li enn laparey ki metropol kolonyal ti servi pu anfet dominn tu klas isi. Se sa ki permet posibilite enn form “Bonapartism”. Kumsa MSM kapav ena sa tandans paret enn Leta ki kapav kontrol tu klas sosyal. Anplis, enn drol zafer ti arive pandan lepok pandemi Kovid-19 kan Pravind Jugnauth ti dan so dernye manda, kot Leta finn efektivman gayn kontrol lor tu klas sosyal, inklir burzwazi. Par exanp, Leta finn ferm frontyer. Burzwazi ki dan exportasyon kuma burzwazi dan inportasyon pa ti ena enn mo a dir. Zot ti oblize sumet. MIC (Mauritius Investment Corporation), li ti vinn enn sinbol sa kontrol la. Leta kree larzan, donn burzwazi pu li fer lapey. Leta finn kareman ferm tu aktivite ekonomik atraver lekel burzwazi – mem so oligarsi – anfet normalman reyne siprem. (Sa li ti akoz nesesite inpoz mezir saniter pu ralanti vites ki enn viris repann ase pu anpes sistem lasante kolaps, me seki inportan se li finn arive.) Kumsa ki Leta, su MSM, ti azir dan sa fason “Bonapartist” ki li tultan ti ena lanbisyon fer. Alor, MSM li ena enn tandans “Bonapartist” tultan, me li finn kapav exprim li dan dernye manda Pravind Jugnauth dan enn fason pli kler. MSM finn kapav inpoz tu kalite mezir kont klas kapitalist: CSG (enn tax lor pay-rol), saler minimal, pansyon iniversel e relativman for – osi byin ki redwir rant gran proprieter lotel turis a ZERO, kuma nuvo Guverner Labank Moris, Rama Sithanen, fek fer rapel dan so Konferans depres lor MIC.

Lot kote, rezim Travayis, su Navin Ramgoolam sirtu, me osi depi tultan, li ena enn eleman “Fran Mason” ki gid li. Fran Masonnri, li enn seri sosyete sekre ki ti plann deryer Revolisyon Fransez, e li ase infliyan dan tu rezim kapitalist dan lemond – me sirtu dan Lafrans, Lamerik, UK, osi byin ki dan pei osi diferan ki Madagascar, Ghana, India, Taiwan, Colombia, Mexico e dan Larisi apre inplozyon USSR. Li reprezant enn laliyn eklere relativ a reyn feodal ek monarsik, e li reprezant enn laliyn reaksyoner relativ a lalit pu sosyalism. Fran Masonnri reprezant enn espes lalyans-deklas, atraver sa bann sosyete sekre la, ant burzwazi ek nob, ki ti opuvwar avan burzwazi, ansam ar klas manejmennt ki oservis klas burzwa. Klas sosyal pli ba ki normalman admisib kuma manb Fran Masonnri, se enn supervayzer enn supermarket, dizon. Fran Masonnri li, enn dan lot, pran pozisyon kont reyn diktater, e lor la ki li eklere, me li osi kont tu mobilizasyon ver enn reyn par klas travayer ek peyzannri, ki mazoriter lor planet, enn kalite reyn ki viz fini ar diferan “klas sosyal”. Lor la ki Masonnri li reaksyoner. 

Alor, enn reyn Bonapartist, kuma su Jugnauth, li pa parey kuma enn reyn plito dan lespri Fran Masonnri, kuma su Ramgoolam. Alor, konparezon li konplike.

De diferan kalite reyn par “dinasti”

Lor enn lot size, MSM ek Travayis kontenir diferan kalite “dinasti”, ubyin reyn familyal.

Tandi ki reyn par lafami Jugnauth, li otur enn masinnri familyal ki finn konstrir, asontur, otur Sun Trust, enn trust familyal, reyn par Ramgoolam, li pa parey. Anu get diferans:

Larzan Sun Trust li lor nom manb lafami Jugnauth. Laparey MSM kontrole par sa Trust familyal la. Trust la li zener reveni ki permet MSM anplway kad ful-taym onivo nasyonal, osi byin ki dan sirkonskripsyon. Alor, li enn dinasti plito familyal, e li institisyonalize otur enn Trust.   

Seki finn ranplas dinasti Jugnauth, setadir reyn Ramgoolam & Co, li enn lot kalite reyn dinasti. 

Li plito par “swa”, anterm “karyer” politik, kot sertin “piti” fini par swiv zot “papa”, rant dan seki zot apel “lapolitik”. Navin Ramgoolam ti pe byin viv dan “labrim Londonyin”, kuma lagazet ti dekrir so lavi laba, kan Bérenger lider MMM ek Sanjit Teelock lider MTD (enn kasir depi PT) ti al sers li pu vinn zot kandida dan zot lalyans, e pu postile pu vinn zot Premye Minis an 1987. Zot ti amenn li akoz li piti so papa. Lerla, plitar Ramgoolam finn aksepte pu vinn lider PT. Li gayn sa pos la fasil, akoz li piti so papa. 

E zordi kan li alatet so lalyans, ena lezot dirizan ki, zot osi, zot piti zot papa – me pa parey kuma MSM, ki enn laparey familyal atraver Sun Trust – me par swa: Joanna Bérenger, piti so papa; Shakeel Mohamed piti pa zis so papa, me tizanfan so granper; Arvind Boolell piti so papa. Pena naryin tro drol ladan. E, li sertennman pa mem kalite “dinasti” ki seki otur Sun Trust. 

Suvan, sa kalite dinasti la a-la-Ramgoolam & Co, li rezilta enn espes “koalisyon” anterm “baking” ekonomik deryer enn lider – dan lepok aktel kot sak kandida oblize ena “baking” ekonomik. Lerla sa “baking” la, etan li deza la, li fasil dire kuma enn koalisyon, atraver sa relasyon familyal la. Li pa destabilize, mem kan sanze depi papa ziska piti. Alor, dan Lamerik, par exanp, “Koalisyon Clinton” kapav ramas ansam enn “constituency” (kuma zot apel li laba) bayer-defon deryer kandida Bill Clinton ansam ar lezot but-but organize dan sosyete, e sa pli fasil pu shifte ver kikenn ki so prop fami, Hilary Clinton, par exanp, ki ver enn lot dimunn net. Dan Lind, Congress ti kapav ramas ansam mem zar “constituency” deryer Nehru, lerla Mme. Gandhi, vini-mem ziska so garson, lerla so garson ek tifi. Sa dinasti la, li ti reprezant, e tuzur reprezant, diferan seksyon ek su-seksyon burzwazi, diferan lintere anterm kominote ek karst, byin balanse, osi byin ki diferan klik ti-burzwa tu kalite. Kumsa, sa koalisyon “baking”, li kapav vinn enn dinasti.

Lintere-deklas Lalyans otur MSM ek Lalyans otur PT 

Premye zafer, ena enn similarite: Tulde – MSM ek PT – zot ena enn filozofi pu ankuraz formasyon enn “burzwazideta”. 

Ki ete enn burzwazi deta? Dan burzwazi Moris ena 2 seksyon. Dabor ena enn burzwazi istorik, ki finn angrese atraver kree kapital kree lor ledo kuraz dimunn ki finn kontrole par enn kad legal pu travay apel “lesklavaz” pu 100 an, lerla nuvo kad legal pu travay apel “langazman” pu enn lot 100 an, e lerla depi laswer klas travayer ki “esklav lapey”, dan dernye 100 an. Answit ena enn relativman nuvo seksyon dan burzwazi ki apel “burzwazi deta”. Li enn klas ki tultan an-formasyon, e parfwa an-destriksyon: li enn klas ki kumans kuma enn tit-burzwazi dan komers, konstriksyon, prodiksyon, e lerla, kan gayn sifraz iniversel, atraver enn parti politik, li vinn o-puvwar, e lerla parti la servi intervansyon Leta (favoritism pu kontra, alokasyon later Kawlenn, donn tennder par trikmardaz, e tu kalite koripsyon) dan enn fason ki viz pu katapilte sa klas ti-burzwa ki pe grandi vit dan “gran burzwazi”, setadir “burzwazi istorik”. Burzwazi deta, parey kuma burzwazi istorik, li detenir kapital. Enn inn gayn li par piyaz kolonyal. Enn inn gayn li par servi sa laparey deta post-kolonyal la. 

Kan enn rezim favoriz enn burzwazi ki emerzan, fer li rant dan gran burzwazi, parfwa li fer li odetriman gran burzwazi, parfwa li reysi fer li an kolaborasyon ar gran burzwazi. Li dire si reysi kree enn “blok istorik”, ki viz pu dire pu kelke zenerasyon, e sertennman pa zis 5 an. Blok istorik original ki Travayis ti kree pe grene asterla. Li ti amalgam ansam diferan klas dan enn sel sekter: kann ek disik. Ena oligarsi (proprieter tablisman ar so mulin) plis gran planter avek, dizon, so 300 arpan later, plis par dizenn milye ti-planter demi-arpan, plis sindika travayer dan sekter la PWU e plitar SILU – e sa blok la azir dan faver lansanb burzwazi. Zot tu fer band-ansam pu prezerv enn lindistri (disik) mem si sa lindistri la li gurman tu later dan pei e alor kont lintere lamas travayer dan pei, parski li dan lintere tulde seksyon burzwazi.

Anu get enn-de lexanp. Ase resaman nu finn truv “lamonte ek ladesant” enn but burzwazi deta. Get lanpir Rawat ek so BAI, lanpir Vikram Bhunjun ek so konpayni konstriksyon, ek lanpir Ramgoolam so metres Nandanee Soornack ek so Dufry-Frydu. Zot finn monte su Ramgoolam, e detrir su Jugnauth. Nu tu finn temwin.

Sir Kailash Ramdenee, ki ti monte avan su bolom Ramgoolam, ti fer pli byin. Li ti marye so tifi ar garson Aneerood Jugnauth – alor, li finn kapav sirviv, kan rezim sanze, omwin enn premye fwa. Otur Jugnauth nu finn truv enn seri fami ti-burzwa vinn gran burzwa – e Jugnauth finn fer sa sirtu otur so fami extennded. Ena osi personaz kuma sa Avinash Gopee ki fer kas inpe kuma Rakesh Gooljaury ti pe fer su Ramgoolam. Gooljaury, kuma Ramdenee, ti reysi travers tulde reyn. Zot gayn enn but later guvernman lor bay, gayn enn lonn par faver, mont enn batiman, lerla lwe li ar Guvernman. Kumsa zot gayn par milyon. Gooljaury ti osi dan Mauritius Duty Free Paradise ansam ar Ramgoolam so metres, Mme Soornack, dan 2 konpayni Dufry ek Frydu, kot fer par milyon dan komisyon. *

Alor, ala kimanyer tulde – Ramgoolam ek Jugnauth – reprezant sirtu enn burzwazi deta, ki tultan pe emerze atraver intervansyon rezim respektiv la, ki agrandi totalite burzwazi. Kumsa li stabiliz li.

Kumsa, e anplis de sa, zot tulde – Ramgoolam ek Jugnauth – reprezant lintere “burzwazi” an antye, burzwazi tukur. Zot reprezant lansanb klas burzwa, me avek enn preferans pu kreasyon sa nuvo seksyon burzwazi ki nu apel “burzwazi deta” la. 

Dan ka sa nuvo guvernman Ramgoolam, lefet ki MTC pe returne dan lekurs Senn Mars kan Ramgoolam pe rant Lotel di Guvernman, li enn sinbol so relasyon pros ar burzwazi istorik. MSM so chalennj kont MTC, atraver Jean Michel Lee Shim, finn enn katastrof. PT tultan finn ena lyin ar burzwazi istorik otur Champ de Mars, depi lepok Bolom Ramgoolam ek Gudjadhur. Nu oblize konstate ki burzwazi istorik ankor for – li finn gard so monopol lor later, lor disik, lor lenerzi (inportasyon ek asterla prodiksyon kuran), lotelri, bankye, lasirans, inportasyon masinnri, medsinn – e mem lor lekurs suval ek gembling Senn Mars! 

Klas Tit-burzwa

Klas tit-burzwa li tultan instab. Li san ni vizyon sosyete, ni lavenir. Me, li ase gran. Sa nuvo guvernman Ramgoolam, pu reflet enn ti-burzwazi plito irbin ki deryer li, e li pu reprezant lintere sa  ti-burzwazi irbin la – depi gran kad sekter prive (kad administratif) ziska burzwazi dan sekter kuma restorasyon-pansyona-treter, depi firm sekirite ziska proprieter bis lekol. Par kont, Jugnauth ti reprezant lintere enn klas ti-burzwa pli kanpaynyar – kamyoner, kontrakter konstriksyon.   

Klas Travayer?

Anplis, MSM, etan li Bonapartist, li finn krwar li kapav reprezant klas travayer par volonte pir. Li ti sey fer sa par 2 mwayin: politikman li ris enn seri but MMM ar li, parski li krwar lamas dimunn tuzur truv MMM kuma dernye parti meynstrim ki ti reprezant klas travayer. Mo pe koz Collendaveloo, Ramano, Ganoo, Obeegadoo. 

Ekonomikman, Jugnauth ti fer enn seri “transfer” larzan ver klas travayer: atraver saler minimem, 14yem mwa, ogmant pansyon vyeyes ek andikape, larzan CSG depi enn tax lor patron. MSM krwar ki sa egal a “lintere klas travayer”. Etan done nivo konsyans deklas byin ba pur lemoman, efektivman li dan “lintere klas travayer” konpare ar naryin ditu, me akurterm selman. Sa form parti sa Bonapartism nu ti dekrir dan kumansman.

Alor, ki konparezon ar Parti Travayis Ramgoolam? Li travay dan enn fason similer. Li ris Ashok Subron ar li, lerla, pu sit Clency Bibi, “La classe laborieuse se trouve maintenant dans le pouvoir”! (Le Mauricien, 15 Nov 2024). Klas travayer o-puvwar? Pa zis Ramgoolam ki krwar klas travayer o-puvwar, me bann ReA, zot osi, krwar ki, ar zot 3 depite, ek enn Minis ek so jinnyor, zot pu fer Guvernman reprezant klas travayer.  

Dan tulde ka (Ramano, Obeegadoo, etc ubyin Subron), kan Jugnauth ubyin Ramgoolam ris zot dan rezim opuvwar, li pirman sinbolik. Leta se leta, e leta burzwa res leta burzwa. Zot pli sans vinn dindon lafars.

Apre kanpayn eleksyon zeneral, eski Ramgoolam li pu kontiyne avek mem politik MSM anver klas travayer? So demagozi fini amenn li dan enn pozisyon kot li pu oblize fer sa – omwin pu enn tan. Eski li pu oblize bes pri dyezel-lesans, pey 14yem mwa ek lezot mezir? E gard tu sa mezir ki MSM fini met anplas, e finn promet pu met anplas? Li pu mem al fye, kuma Jugnauth avan li, lor “lamone disan” par sed baz Diego ar inperyalis UK-USA, pu kontiyn so reyn. 

E, seki trazik ladan. Tulde lalyans fer fayit net vizavi veritab lintere klas travayer: Zot napa kree sekter ekonomik kot ena lanplwa stab, e ki ranforsi klas travayer atraver kree e gard prodiksyon onivo nasyonal, e bes ku inportasyon anmemtan. Zot refiz fer sa. Zot tulde prefer donn permi pu tablisman bayant so later pu enn sel “windfall gain” pu burzwazi, e pu enn sel “kudme” kote balans peyman. Me, fini vann later la. Me, nuvo guvernman fek eli. Nu gete sipa nu kapav lev ase mobilizasyon dan klas travayer pu anpes li zis swiv dan mem kalite politik ki Jugnauth, ubyin pli pir ki li.

ReA – Ki li pu reprezante?

ReA avek zot program “Eko-Sosyalist”, trwa depite, ek enn-edmi minis, ki zot kapav fer? Seki remarkab, se pandan kanpayn tu dimunn ti rekonet ki zot reprezant:

- ekolozi

- zenn

- travayer,

lerla zot nome dan Guvernman, dan lexekitif, kot zot napa ansarz ni Lanvironnman, ni Zenes, ni Travay. Zot ansarz plito dosye sekirite sosyal. Alor, zot limite par sa Minister la a politik sosyal-demokrat, e pur lemoman dan Moris, sa-mem departman atraver lekel MSM finn batir so fason “reprezant lintere klas travayer” atraver reprezant plito “bann pov”. Nu gete ki zot pu fer. Ankor enn fwa, li depann lor mobilizasyon andeor.

ND – Ki li reprezante?

ND pa reprezant gran soz apar enn but dan sa ansyin PMSD, ki tuzur donn burzwazi istorik enn ti-kalman.

2-3 Lezot Kestyon

Ena de-trwa lezot zafer ki nu bizin etidye amizir reyn Ramgoolam pran so plas.

Finansman parti, kot sorti? Baking depi sekter kapital?

Li ti pu ed nu pu kone kot PT-MMM-ND-ReA ti gayn zot kas pandan kanpayn elektoral. Sa normalman vinn kler kan truv ki sekter kapital li pu favorize. Nu ti krwar (kone?) ki kan PMSD ti kit guvernman al ar MSM, enn seksyon burzwazi, ar so kas, finn buze ar PMSD. Sa ti reflete dan lagazet L’Express. Li ti fonsyerman ar Lalyans Changement ziska moman ki Xavier Duval kite. Lerla li ti larg Ramgoolam. Me, nu pa tro kone, ziska ler, kisannla finn donn finans sa lalyans la. 

Kote MSM, sa koze lor tan milyon ki Soodhun inn gayne pu MSM depi Emira, li vre sa? Ubyin enn palab? Nu pa kone. Par definisyon, tusala sekre. Alor, kestyon res poze.

Liye ar sa, ki rol dyaspora? Nu remarke preske tu sa parti otur Ramgoolam la, plis bann Linion Moris, koz buku lor “Dyaspora” e ar “Dyaspora”. 

Rol Dyaspora 

Ki rol dyaspora zordi? Li paret ena enn gran lefe atraver rezo sosyal. E li finn grandi, grandi, grandi, depi kan Guy Ollivry ti finanse par Teeren Appasamy an 1994-5 pu parsyel Rose-Hill, kan veritab imans depans ti kumanse. Alor, la osi, kestyon res poze. 

-- Baze lor papye par LC ek RS e prezante dan Seminar LALIT 8 Desam.

Not

* Par etidye zis sa Repons a enn Kestyon Parlmanter, poze par Reza Uteem, 24 September 2019, u gayn enn parmi bann fason ki enn rezim kree enn burzwazi deta. Ala repons Jugnauth (depi Hansard):

(i) the malpractices and wrongdoings at the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd had been reported to the Police in January 2013, but nothing had been done by the previous regime, which turned a blind eye to the malpractices;

(ii) the then Prime Minister had removed the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd from the portfolio of the Ministry of Finance and brought it under his aegis;

(iii) this Government reviewed the activities of the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd and also the two major contracts which were signed with a foreign supplier, Dufry AG;

(iv) in the context of that review exercise and following information provided by Mr D. Gooljaury, meetings were held with representatives of Dufry AG for them to disclose all documents to the Government of Mauritius and to elucidate the structure and the mechanism for the payment of commissions to another company called Frydu. However, they could not provide same;

(v) subsequently, Dufry Ltd in Switzerland provided to Government a number of documents, which revealed the following -

(a) with regard to the contract between the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd and its supplier, Dufry Travel Retail AG, it had come to light that substantial commissions have been paid by Dufry in Switzerland to a company called Frydu, which has been set up in Switzerland as recipient of commissions of 4.2% of the net sales of the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd;

(b) Frydu was initially 50% owned by Nandanee Soornack and D. Gooljaury, each. A Swiss Bank account with VP Bank in Zurich was opened for Frydu to receive commissions on the supply contract with the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd as follows –

• on 24 October 2012, EUR 431,000

• on 02 May 2013, EUR 211,351

• on 21 October 2013, EUR 464,179

(c) as at 21 October 2013, commissions paid on the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd supply contract amounted to EUR 1,106,530; (Rs 54 million in 2024, as we write this article)

(vi) on 12 October 2013, Nandanee Soornack and D. Gooljaury transferred their shareholding in Frydu to a company incorporated in Cyprus called Wigam Holding Ltd, which was apparently controlled and managed by an Irish national, resident in the UK;

(vii) a Share Purchase Agreement dated 12 October 2013 was signed by Nandanee Soornack and D. Gooljaury to change the ownership structure of Frydu apparently to accommodate one Laurent Obadia and Wigam Holdings Ltd. Nevertheless, Frydu continued to receive commissions from Dufry Travel Retail AG in the Swiss Bank account during the year 2014, as follows –

(a) on 06 February 2014, an amount of EUR389,558 was paid to VP Bank in Zurich, but then Frydu's bank account was changed to another bank in Geneva, called union Bancaire Privée, UBP SA, Rue du Rhone, Geneva, and
(b) on 16 July 2014, commissions of EUR337,134 were received in the new bank account.
(Interruptions) 

(viii) on 16 January 2015, a further amount of EUR296,466 representing 4.2% of net sales of Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd was paid to Frydu, and 

(ix) in total, Dufry had as at that date paid commissions of EUR2,129,688 to Frydu on the supply contract  only with the Mauritius Duty Free Paradise Co. Ltd.

 (Interruptions)
Madam Speaker, I am informed that the inquiries being conducted in this matter by the Police and the Independent Commission Against Corruption are ongoing inasmuch as this matter has international ramifications. 

Mr Uteem: Madam Speaker, the hon. Prime Minister ....